Колониалдык карта жана унутулган акыйкат

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Колониалдык карта жана унутулган акыйкат

Жеңилгендер тарых барактарын  дээрлик жазбайт. Өзгөчө, өтмүштөгү империялар  өздөрүнүн колониалдык тарыхын кооз түстөргө боёп, жайылуусун “цивилизациялык милдет” деп, баскынчылыгын болсо илимий эрдик катары көрсөтүүгө аракет кылышат. Мындай мамилени Кыргызстанда эстелиги орнотулган, ал тургай анын сүрөтү почта конверттеринде колдонулган Петр Семёнов-Тянь-Шанскийдин ишмердүүлүгүнөн байкасак болот. Гезит бетинде жана окуу китептеринде ал Тянь-Шань тоолорун жана Ысык-Көлдү ачып берген калыс илимий изилдөөчү катары көрсөтүлөт.  Бирок бул илимий сырткы келбеттин артында империялык саясаттын чыныгы максаттары жашырылган, жер карталары жана гербарийлер жаңы аймактарды баш ийдирүүнүн биринчи тепкичи гана болгон. Орус армиясынын офицери Петр Семёнов Тянь-Шаньский жөн гана “изилдөө” жүргүзгөн эмес. Ал чалгындоо кызматын кылган. Ал стратегиялык ашуулардын, ресурстардын жана калктуу пункттардын үстүнөн байкоо жүргүзгөн. Анын экспедициясы регионду аскердик жана административдик басып алууга системалуу даярдыктын бир бөлүгү болгон. Ар кандай  баскынчылык саясаты ишке ашуусунан мурда илимий же маданий экспедиция жүрүп, андан кийин аскерлер киргизилип, башкаруучу чиновниктер, андан соң империянын мыйзамдары киргизилген. Акыры, кандайдыр бир каршылыктар бастырылып, жергиликтүү калкты толук баш ийдирүү үчүн баскынчы элдин жер которуучулары каптайт. XIX кылымдагы Түркстандын тарыхы — бул илимпоздорго ыраазычылык айтуу үчүн кучак жайып тосуп алган “тоолуктардын” тарыхы эмес. Бул айыгышкан каршылык, көтөрүлүштөр жана аларды күч менен басуу тарыхы. Бул жергиликтүү акимдер менен түзүлгөн убактылуу митаамдык келишимдер жана көп өтпөстөн алардын бийлигинен ажырашынын тарыхы. Ошондуктан, Семёнов-Тянь-Шаньский кыргыздарга карта “белек кылды” жана ошону менен регионду дүйнөлүк процесстерге кошту деп айтуу чоң ката. Бул сырткы душмандын баскынчылык саясатын көз жаздымда калтыруу дегенди билдирет. Акыйкатта, бул биз силерге карта — силер бизге жер бересиңер дегени эле. Кийинчерээк Кауфман, Черняев, Скобелев генералдарынын экспедициялары Орус империясынын региондо бийлигин биротоло бекемдеген. Ошол эле учурда аскердик аракеттер империялык тарыхта жазылгандай “каракчыларга” каршы эмес, өз эркиндигин сактоого аракет кылган жергиликтүү кыймылдарга (басмачыларга) каршы жүргүзүлгөн. Басып алуу жортуулдары кыргыздарды Кокон хандыгынан “бошотуу” зарылчылыгы менен акталганы менен, көп өтпөстөн максат орус бийлигин орнотуу экени айкын болгон. Жада калса Кыргызстандын мектеп окуу китептеринде да эл бул иштер боштондук үчүн эмес, орус падышалыгы баш ийдирүү үчүн кирип келгенин түшүнгөнүн белгилейт. Тарыхый чындык калыс көз карашты талап кылат. Семёнов-Тянь-Шанский Кыргызстанды Орус империясынын курамына кошуу жараянынын бир бөлүгү болгон, жана анын ишмердүүлүгүн колониалдык контексттен ажыратып кароого болбойт. Анын географ катары эмгектери анын экспедициялары империянын кеңейүү кызыкчылыктарына кызмат кылган фактыны жокко чыгара албайт. Петербургдагы музейлерде ушул күнгө чейин анын бул жерлерден чогулткан коллекциялары сакталып турат. Ал жерден алынып, менчиктештирилген буйум тайымдар, илимий баалуулуктар, маданий буюмдар баскынчылык символу катары сакталууда. Учурда Балыкчы шаарындагы Семёновдун эстелигинин тагдыры коомдук талкууну жаратып жаткан чакта бир нерсени эстен чыгарбоо керек, сөз бир эле адам жөнүндө жүрүп жаткан жок, бул жергиликтүү элдин өз тарыхын акыйкат чечмелөөгө болгон акысы жөнүндө жүрүп жатат. Тарых — бул оңдоп түзөп койюучу гүлбак эмес, бул акыйкат окуялар күзгүсү. Эгер бул күзгүдө колониалдык зордук-зомбулук чагылып жатса, аны почта маркаларынын сүрөттөрү менен жылмалап коюуга болбойт.  Жомокторду токубай, чындыкты жазуу керек.

Латыфул Расых

 

 

8 COMMENTS

  1. CrazyBulk developed D-Bal so athletes and bodybuilders might get the advantages of Dianabol without any of
    the nasty unwanted effects. While there are a bunch of good legal steroids out there, D-Bal is essentially
    the most highly effective and my absolute favorite.
    This is why more and more guys are turning to authorized steroids to hurry issues up.
    Anabolic steroids might cause suppression of clotting components II,
    V, VII, and X, and a rise in prothrombin time.
    Chris was known to have used anabolic steroids, with his physique containing
    10 instances more testosterone than the conventional stage on the scene of the crime (30).

    Nonetheless, other theories suggest mind harm or extreme alcohol consumption could have additionally contributed to
    this tragedy. Not solely does Dianabol have a low affinity when converting to DHT,
    but hair loss can be determined by genetics, so taking steroids doesn’t necessarily assure balding.

    MDMA is an artificial (lab-made) drug that has effects much like stimulants like methamphetamine.
    Nonetheless, some researchers consider MDMA to be a psychedelic drug as a end
    result of it can also mildly alter visual and time notion. At greater doses, a person may expertise extreme detachment from their body and actuality.
    A few research have advised that ibogaine can cut back substance use withdrawal symptoms and cravings, however deaths have been reported
    in these studies and extra analysis is required.
    Gases are inhalants, substances that produce intoxicating vapors.
    Consuming products containing delta-8-THC has led
    to medical emergencies, together with respiratory and
    psychiatric issues. These merchandise are largely unregulated, and other product elements or contaminants might also have unpredictable negative well being effects.

    No weight coaching plus discontinuation of steroids can lead
    to 50 lbs or more of weight reduction. A strong post-cycle remedy protocol, as outlined in the PCT part, will help reduce your catabolic state post-cycle and assist retain more
    of your positive aspects. The safest protocol is to
    only use pharmaceutical products, as we now
    have acquired unfavorable reviews of patients’ UGL Dianabol being contaminated,
    containing unknown or harmful substances. Shopping For from unverified sources should be averted due to the increased threat.
    Bodybuilders not lucky enough to reside in Mexico or Thailand (where methandrostenolone is
    legal) commonly buy Dianabol on the black market (illegally).

    One study confirmed that ex-steroid customers had less subcutaneous fats
    mass, presumably because of the fat-burning results of steroids.
    The full loss of positive aspects after the mice stopped taking steroids doesn’t correlate with what
    we commonly see in people (who often retain a big proportion of their gains
    from steroids). Nonetheless, this research might suggest that briefly taking steroids might
    assist somebody maximize their pure potential with more permanent
    outcomes.
    Clomiphene, also called Clomid, doesn’t negatively affect cholesterol
    levels (31). Upon its launch in 1958, Dr. Ziegler recommended
    an unique dosage of 5–15 mg per day. This was sufficient to see vital enhancements in athletic efficiency.

    Nonetheless, users right now seeking bigger improvements
    in muscle hypertrophy usually take a better dose. Thus, girls who aren’t competing and need to hold their femininity intact will
    opt for steroids corresponding to Anavar (oxandrolone), which
    is much less more doubtless to cause the above side effects.
    SERMs can be used over the lengthy run, being deemed
    “acceptable” in regard to side effects (22).
    AASs exert their effects by activating androgen receptor (AR) signaling.
    Several components of the physique are concerned due to the presence of ARs in many tissues [12].
    At regular physiologic levels of testosterone androgen receptors are saturated
    and the AASs results could additionally be a consequence of different mechanisms somewhat than androgen receptors activation. High testosterone ranges
    may have an antagonist effect on glucocorticoid receptors, resulting in inhibition of glucose synthesis and protein catabolism.
    Indeed, high dose AASs may displace glucocorticoids from their receptors, lower proteins breakdown in muscular tissues,
    leading to a rise in muscle mass and muscle strength [18].

    Anabolic steroids additionally upregulate and improve the number of androgen receptors, thus enabling elevated training intensity and not directly contributing to increased muscle size and energy.
    Nearly one-third of people that misuse anabolic steroids become dependent on them.
    That means over time it starts to take greater and extra
    frequent doses to get the identical results.

    If 2.5 mg tablets are obtained, this reduces the want to minimize any of the
    pills. There isn’t an enormous amount of data regarding the connection between anabolic steroid use
    and kidney injury. Thus, if a consumer has poor renal health, Anavar should be prevented.
    Nonetheless, Anavar is unique in this respect, being largely metabolized by the
    kidneys. This can put them beneath elevated pressure, resulting in acute renal damage in research (18).

    Steroids act on the limbic system and may trigger irritability and
    delicate depression. Eventually, steroids could cause
    mania, delusions, and violent aggression, or “roid rage.” Anabolic steroids you are
    taking by mouth are available in pill or capsule
    kind. Nevertheless, its mild nature and high tolerance amongst
    women and men make it a popular steroid from a safety perspective.
    One unique benefit that has been documented in analysis
    is that Anavar decreases visceral and subcutaneous fat levels.
    We have found that Winstrol’s diuretic effects also can increase joint irritation,
    resulting in appreciable discomfort or ache in some people.

    In comparison, cypionate and enanthate are the 2 hottest injectable options,
    however we now have found them to be slow-acting, with their half-lives being approximately 8 days.

    References:

    PedsElite

  2. Anabolic steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS),
    are synthetic types of the male sex hormone testosterone. They mimic the consequences of the male steroids testosterone and dihydrotestosterone,
    to learn extra about it, see here this submit about the most effective testosterone booster.
    In fact, if anabolic steroids are regularly used in this sense, it
    can end result in a dangerous drug addiction. Aside from steroids,
    athletes often use non-steroidal compounds that primarily include human growth hormone
    and insulin-like growth issue. Even although they’re usually prescribed for medical
    causes, they are typically misused for performance enhancement.
    Anabolic steroids are medicine designed to duplicate the effects of the male
    intercourse hormone, testosterone. These steroids
    are a prescription-only medicines that can present some reliable medical makes use of.

    On the opposite hand, injected steroids together with “oral steroids are inclined to have essentially the most important and potentially dangerous unwanted side effects,” says McNeely.
    In fact, as much as 90% of patients will experience side effects
    while taking steroids. I’m utilizing 15 mg a day
    of Ostarine in the intervening time and am blown away by the power features and recomposition effects
    it’s had in as little as 30 days. However, Dr. Thomas O’Connor has noticed hepatotoxic results
    from Cardarine based on his remark of affected person labs in over 2,000 SARM customers.
    He likens Cardarine’s adverse effects
    on the liver to taking 50 mg/day of Anavar.
    Considering bodybuilders can take 4 times more than this dose, which demonstrates the potential toxicity of Winstrol.
    One potential unfavorable we see with Winstrol is decreased
    intracellular water retention (fluid inside the muscle cells), which might cause a flat look to the muscles.

    Nevertheless, this can be insignificant when accounting for
    the extra muscle dimension gained. In our experience, results can usually be noticed visually throughout the
    first 2 weeks of Ostarine supplementation. Fluctuations in weight will not be
    a reliable indicator of results because of simultaneous muscle gain and fats loss.
    Winstrol increases efficiency of other drugs by lowering the quantity
    of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which binds to steroids, making them ineffective,
    explains Baker.
    In research, this has been an efficacious dosage for hepatoprotective
    results (5). Furthermore, note how lean Zac’s
    physique appears due to Winstrol reducing extracellular water retention. Such diuretic results, however, are solely short-term, with regular fluid ranges returning Post-cycle recovery supplements.
    Zac Efron’s before-and-after transformation is an example of how a user’s physique can change after
    a cycle of Winstrol. Body fat often decreases whereas muscle hypertrophy (size) will increase, in conjunction with enhanced muscle definition and vascularity.
    In Distinction To another drugs, there are not any reliable at-home checks to check the purity
    of steroids.
    This contains proper supplementation, diet, and a great
    coaching program. Diarrhea and constipation have been documented
    as berberine unwanted effects in a examine (32).
    Christopher McGowan, M.D., an obesity medicine specialist, states that tirzepatide could
    additionally be more practical for weight reduction due to its synergistic effects, concentrating on GLP-1 and
    GIP receptors.
    Nevertheless, in Deca-Durabolin’s case, stacking it with other steroids can truly assist
    to mitigate adverse results relating to sexual well being because of elevated androgenicity.
    All anabolic steroids could have a negative impact on blood lipids, as they are all basically
    types of exogenous testosterone. Nonetheless, Deca-Durabolin is among the many most cardiovascular-friendly steroids available,
    alongside testosterone, in our experience. It is amongst the
    solely anabolic steroids nonetheless prescribed at present, effectively treating HIV/AIDS and anemia sufferers, thanks to its anabolic and erythrocytosis properties.

    These areas have ample muscle mass and fewer nerves, lowering discomfort.
    Legal steroids like WIN-MAX, ANVAROL, and TREN-MAX
    mimic the results of conventional steroids without
    the extreme unwanted effects. They only bind with androgen receptors, that means that they won’t have a negative impact on other
    components of the body. They are additionally far much less doubtless than steroids to transform to estrogen. To get the complete
    scoop on SARMs try our in-depth feature here. There are
    a variety of elements that have an result on the half-life of a substance.
    Older folks, those that are obese, don’t train, or have pre-existing liver circumstances could have an extended half-life than healthier people.

    Increased dangers of gynecomastia are of concern when taking the above
    cycle, as a result of Deca-Durabolin rising progesterone and Anadrol rising estrogen levels.

    Thus, Deca-Durabolin-only cycles are seldom used by our experienced
    bodybuilding sufferers in a bid to keep androgen levels excessive,
    stopping the chance of erectile dysfunction on-cycle.

    The cause why males could battle to get an erection on Deca-Durabolin is due to its deficiency in androgenicity.

  3. Nevertheless, you might develop unwanted facet effects if you take them for a longer length or
    at a better dose. Below is a PCT protocol developed by Dr.
    Michael Scally, a hormone replacement expert.
    This trio of medicines has confirmed to be a fantastic success at our
    clinic and in medical trials for restoring the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (HPTA) from anabolic steroids.
    We have seen that the trapezius and deltoid muscle tissue are more vulnerable to hypertrophy on tren because of their greater androgen receptors, causing them to
    respond significantly nicely to androgenic steroids.
    We have discovered trenbolone to be one of the most doubtless steroids to trigger hair loss, recession, or thinning
    on the scalp due to its highly androgenic nature. Moreover, these had been bodybuilders taking steroids at a time when no one
    had established their security. At Present, bodybuilders are
    able to mitigate the risks because of higher data of the compounds and cautious dosing.

    In the next sections, we’ll delve into the potential
    unwanted facet effects of Anavar in females.
    Androgens play a role in the improvement and maintenance of male intercourse characteristics, such as facial and body hair growth, muscle mass, and a deep voice.
    In ladies, androgens like trenbolone can cause virilization, a condition characterized by
    masculine traits creating. Anabolic steroids can even trigger gynecomastia
    by rising ranges of estrogen in the physique.
    Estrogen is the feminine sex hormone, and it might possibly promote the growth of
    breast tissue.
    To enhance the consequences of Primobolan, many users select
    to stack it with different compounds. This mixture can enhance hormonal assist and enhance the body’s capability to grow
    muscle while Primobolan is in use. Nonetheless, it’s crucial to fastidiously determine the dosages for each compounds and monitor the method
    closely to ensure safety and effectiveness. One of the first issues with
    Anavar use is its potential impact on liver function. As an oral steroid, it undergoes hepatic metabolism, which
    might put stress on the liver. While Anavar is taken into account much less hepatotoxic than another oral steroids, extended use or excessive doses can nonetheless result in elevated liver enzymes.
    Anabolic steroids have lengthy been a topic of interest
    in bodybuilding circles, with many seeking to boost their muscle-building potential.

    Nandrolone could be a very well-tolerated steroid, however it presents its challenges.
    You have to be ready to mitigate them and cope with them effectively so any
    adverse results don’t take time and energy away from reaching your goals on a
    cycle. How a lot muscle you gain will depend upon what quantity of previous cycles you’ve done and your current body condition. Newer users can see positive aspects between 15
    and 25 lbs if they eat and practice proper.

    In Contrast To Nandrolone, which you’ll easily use Gynectrol for muscle growth long cycles (including
    NPP), Dianabol cycles should be limited to not extra than eight weeks because of the extreme
    stress it causes to your liver. When you stack it with Deca-Durabolin, Dianabol might be positioned at the beginning of the cycle for the first
    4-6 weeks solely. This kicks off your positive aspects, whereas Deca-Durabolin takes longer to kick in.
    Nonetheless, there doesn’t look like any stories documenting
    the occurrence of untimely stunted development inadolescents taking anabolic steroids.
    Attention-grabbing, anabolic steroid administration in colts has been reported to
    delay epiphyseal plate closure (Koskinen and Katila,
    1997). Though comparisons between people and animals are difficult to make, suprapharmacological dosages that the
    majority athletes use might pose a larger threat than the
    doses studied so far. Thus, for the adolescent athlete utilizing
    anabolic steroids the chance of untimely epiphyseal plate closure could exist.
    Although the number of female AAS customers is significantly smaller than that of
    their male counterparts (estimated world lifetime prevalence rate of 1.6% in contrast with 6.4% for males (2)),
    female power athletes use AAS as properly. These ladies are inclined
    to carry out shorter cycles, favor other AAS sorts (stanozolol, oxandrolone) and use decrease dosages.

    We all know that Steroid abuse has a bunch of unwanted facet effects, and whereas it’s certainly possible to decrease your threat of harm or
    illness, caution is advised. Aromatization, or the conversion of steroids into
    estrogen, is a big concern. Positive Aspects are lean because of their DHT nature,
    and the worst side effects are going to be hepatotoxicity and cholesterol points.
    Turinabol is another 17-Alpha Alkylated Steroid, thus, it causes harm to the liver.
    Many British bodybuilders (and older bodybuilders) will
    use Primobolan stacked alongside Testosterone to
    construct a imply cycle. Anavar is derived from DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) and
    does not convert into estrogen.
    Their dominance at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, winning eleven of thirteen swimming occasions, raised suspicions as a
    outcome of atypical physical traits like deep voices
    and broad shoulders, typical indicators of steroid-induced masculinization. This
    success led to elevated steroid use amongst athletes in different nations,
    together with the U.S. and Japan (Franke
    and Berendonk, 1997). The International Olympic Committee (IOC) banned AAS in 1975 (Hartgens and Kuipers, 2004).
    The use of anabolic steroids has gained reputation because the
    1980 s, driven by the desire to reinforce muscle mass and bodily appearance (Pope et al., 2014).
    Furthermore, the prevalence of constructive exams for banned substances in elite
    sports activities elevated from zero.ninety six % to 2.45 % between 1987 and 2013 (Hon et al., 2015).

    From the rise in protein synthesis to the collagen and therapeutic joint results, Nandrolone will speed up your restoration course of.
    Decreased muscle soreness and quicker muscular repair get you again within the fitness center sooner, and most guys find they can scale back their turnaround time to not more than two days for a muscle
    group. Nandrolone is a superb bulking steroid, particularly valued for off-season bulking.

    This isn’t a steroid that’s going to have you
    placing on large mass overnight, however steady quality features
    are what you probably can sit up for. Stacked with a average dose
    of testosterone, gains of 10-15lbs of high quality dimension is a reasonable objective,
    with new users in a position to purpose for 25lbs.
    Customers may feel very irritable, have temper swings, or even endure psychosis.

    For this cause, trenbolone’s considered
    the superior steroid in regard to aesthetics. Creatine causes appreciable water retention (37, 38); subsequently, the
    combination of creatine and Dianabol will cause the body to hold much
    more fluid. This isn’t best, as more water will cause much more bloating and viscous blood, doubtlessly exacerbating blood strain.
    If a beginner administers Dianabol in a reasonable dose, being 10–20 mg per
    day (for men), they may expertise notable will increase in muscle measurement
    and energy. Visceral fat is positioned deep within the stomach, unlike subcutaneous fats, which
    can be visually seen (in the type of stomach fat). Extreme visceral fats
    is considered unfavorable because it could improve the danger
    of sort 2 diabetes and heart problems.

  4. Understanding the key parts and considerations of an Anavar cycle
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    being and well-being. In this section, we’ll present a comprehensive overview of an Anavar instance
    cycle, which serves as a roadmap for individuals contemplating the utilization of this popular anabolic
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    of time during which the steroid is taken, with particular dosages and durations
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    Any bodybuilder knows in regards to the advantages and downsides
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    Most side effects are reversible when you stop taking the medicine, but
    others may be permanent. Bear In Mind, the responsible use of Anavar goes hand in hand
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    The use, possession, and distribution of HGH with no valid prescription is in opposition to the law.
    It is essential to notice that HGH is only approved for particular
    medical circumstances and is not approved for use as a performance-enhancing
    drug. With this being stated, the overwhelming majority (upwards of 90% or more) of
    anabolic steroid customers obtained their product from reliable pharmacies and were obtaining pure, correct, and sterile product for use.

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